Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.vatche. Minassian@utoronto.ca
Objectives:
This paper reviews the literature on the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and demonstrates its impact as a worldwide problem.
Methods:
A MEDLINE search was performed to review population-based studies in English. Studies were grouped according to demographic variables and type of incontinence. Risk factors, help-seeking behavior, and quality of life measures were analyzed.
Results:
The median prevalence of female UI was 27.6% (range: 4.8-58.4%) and prevalence of significant incontinence increased with age. The commonest cause of UI was stress (50%), then mixed (32%) and finally urge (14%). Risk factors included parity, obesity, chronic cough, depression, poor health, lower urinary tract symptoms, previous hysterectomy, and stroke. AlthoughQuality of life was affected, most patients did not seek help.
Conclusion:
UI is a prevalent cross-cultural condition. Future studies should rely on universally accepted standardized definitions to produce meaningful evidence-based conclusions, as well as project the costs of this global healthcare problem.
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