What are the more common gynaecological causes of pelvic pain?

J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2005 Jan-Feb;12(1):43-9.

The prevalence of interstitial cystitis, endometriosis, adhesions, and vulvar pain in women with chronic pelvic pain.

Stanford EJ,Koziol J,Feng A .

Department of Urogynecology/Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Mary's/Good Samaritan Hospital, Centralia, Illinois 62801, USA.

Study Objectives:

To estimate the prevalence of bladder-origin pain, intraperitoneal pathology, and vulvar pain in patients undergoing laparoscopy for chronic pelvic pain (CPP).

Design:

Prospective, observational one-site (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).

Setting:

Referral gynecology specialty private practice.

Participants:

Sixty-four patients undergoing laparoscopy for CPP were prospectively assessed to establish the source of their CPP over a 12-month period.

Interventions:

All patients received an intravesical potassium sensitivity test (PST), cystoscopy with double-fill hydrodistension, a physical examination for vulvar pain, and laparoscopy to assess the presence of peritoneal pathology. The validated pelvic pain/urgency/Frequency (PUF) screening questionnaire was given to all patients to assess symptoms.

Measurements and Main

Results:

Forty-four patients (69%) were found to have a positive PST indicating pain of bladder origin due to bladder epithelial dysfunction. Cystoscopic findings diagnosed only seven cases of classic interstitial cystitis (11%). Laparoscopic findings revealed biopsy-proven endometriosis in 28% and adhesions in 64%. Vulvar pain was diagnosed on examination in 20%. Assessment of intraperitoneal pathology and bladder-origin pain accurately diagnosed 95% of patients. There was no statistical difference in the prevalence of endometriosis, adhesions, or vulvar pain when groups were stratified to PST-positive or -negative groups. Bladder pain, peritoneal pathology, and vulvar pain are independent risk factors of CPP although a trend of severity was noted in patients who had worse symptoms (increased voids per day, urgency, pain, and PUF scores). Patients with increased symptoms had a higher likelihood of having pain from bladder epithelial damage and intraperitoneal pathology.

Conclusions:

The etiology of CPP may arise from multiple sites in the pelvis including the bladder, pelvic peritoneum, and vulva. This study demonstrated that in a group of women undergoing a comprehensive work-up for CPP, the bladder was the predominant pain generator. A work-up for CPP should include an assessment of bladder epithelial function and an assessment for intraperitoneal pathology.

Please click on the required question.

• 1 Pelvic Pain. Is this a common problem?
• 2 What are the common causes of pelvic pain in women?
• 3 What are the more common gynaecological causes of pelvic pain?
• 4 What are the more common non-gynaecological causes of pelvic pain?
• 5 What are primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea - painful periods?
• 6 What is retrograde menstruation?
• 7 How can dysmenorrhoea - painful periods be treated?
• 8 What are ovarian cysts?
• 9 How do ovarian cysts cause pain?
• 10 How are ovarian cysts diagnosed?
• 11 How are ovarian cysts treated?
• 12 I think I may be pregnant and I have some pelvic pain. What should I do?
• 13 What is pelvic inflammatory disease and how can it be treated?
• What is Mittelschmertz

  FIBROIDS

• 14 What are fibroids?
• 15 I have fibroids. What difficulties might they cause for me?
• 16 How are fibroids diagnosed?
• 17 How could my fibroids be treated?

  ENDOMETRIOSIS

• 18 What is endometriosis?
• 19 How prevalent is endometriosis?
• 20 What causes endometriosis?
• 21 How can my endometriosis be treated?
• 22 How can my doctor determine the cause of my pelvic pain?
• 23 What investigations might be recommended by my gynaecologist to investigate my pelvic pain?
• 24 What is laparoscopy?
• 25 What are pelvic adhesions?
• 26 I have chronic pelvic pain. Could this be related to adhesions?
• 27  What is uterine retroversion (retroverted uterus)
• 28  Does a retroverted uterus (backward tilted uterus) cause symptoms?
• 29 How is a retroverted uterus - backward tilted uterus - treated?
• 30 What is pelvic congestion?
• 31 What causes pain associated with sexual intercourse (dyspareunia)
• 32 How can painful sexual intercourse (dyspareunia) be treated?
• 33 What is a pelvic mass?

IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME - IBS

• 34 What is irritable bowel syndrome?
• 35 How can we find out if I have irritable bowel syndrome?
• 36 Is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) a common condition?
• 37 What causes IBS?
• 38 What is the pain associated with IBS like?
• 39 Can IBS be mistaken for gynaecological problems?
• 40 How can my IBS be treated?
• 41 What other treatments are available for IBS?
• 42 What can be done to reduce the amount of bowel gas(flatus)
• 43 What is constipation?
• 44 What causes constipation?
• 45  How can constipation be treated?
• 46 How could we summarise the treatments that are available for my pelvic pain?
• 47 Where can I obtain more information?
• 48 Pelvic Pain Support Groups.
• 49 Endometriosis Support Groups.
• 50 IBS Support Groups.

   

  
  
  

  Thank you for choosing to visit us.

  
  

  This is the personal website of David A Viniker MD FRCOG, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at Whipps Cross University Hospital, London - Specialist Interests - Reproductive Medicine including Infertility, PCOS, PMS, Menopause and HRT.

  I do hope that you find the answers to your women's health questions in the patient information and medical advice provided.