What are pre-malignant cells, dyskaryosis, dysplasia and CIN?

Cytopathology. 2005 Dec;16(6):281-9.

Outcome of women with index smear showing mild dyskaryosis: effects of age and evidence of HPV infection.

Winn CM,Jones H.

Cellular Pathology Department, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, UK. cathy.winn@rcht.cornwall.nhs.uk

Objectives:

Recent national guidelines (NHSCSP Document 20) recommend colposcopy referral after one mildly dyskaryotic smear, compared with the current practice of cytological surveillance and referral if the abnormality persists. The aim of this study was to identify the percentage of women whose first abnormal smear, showing mild dyskaryosis, returned to normal with cytological surveillance. Colposcopy could therefore be avoided in this group. This study also assessed whether age or human papillomavirus (HPV) status affected this outcome and the impact of non-attenders on the reliability of surveillance.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study examining the follow-up of 1484 women whose first abnormal smear showed mild dyskaryosis between 1996 and 1998. The possible outcomes were: persisting abnormality referred to colposcopy, follow-up by cytology alone (negative follow-up), lost to follow-up or moved out of the area. Results were further assessed in terms of age (over or under 35 years) and cytological evidence of HPV effect.

Results:

In this study 50.9% of women, presenting with a mildly dyskaryotic smear, returned to normal without colposcopy within the follow-up period of 6-8 years. Age (over/under 35) or cytological evidence of HPV did not significantly affect this figure.

Conclusions:

Immediate colposcopy would overtreat 50% of the study group resulting in 159 extra colposcopies in this unit per year. High-grade abnormalities were twice as prevalent (22% versus 11%) in the younger age group, suggesting that younger rather than older women would benefit from immediate referral.

Please click on the required question.

1 What is the cervix?

2 What is a cervical polyp?

3 What is meant by cervical erosion (ectopy) and cervicitis?

4  What is the transformation zone?

5 What is a 'Paptest' (PAP test (cervical smear) test)

6  My PAP smear test (cervical smear) shows inflammation. Should I be worried?

7  What are cells and what is an abnormal (pre- malignant) cell?

8 My PAP smear test (cervical smear) shows abnormal cells. Does this mean that I have cancer?

9  What is meant by the terms pre-malignant cells, dyskaryosis, dysplasia and CIN?

10  What are the symptoms of pre-malignancy of the cervix?

11  What are benign and malignant tumours?

12  Why have I developed a pre-malignant condition of my cervix?

13  What is colposcopy?

14  What treatments are available for pre-malignant conditions of the cervix?

15  Can pre-malignant conditions of the cervix be cured?

16  How can I be re-assured that the pre-malignant changes will not recur?

17  How can we prevent carcinoma of the cervix?

18  Is there a reason to screen for HPV?

19  Support Groups.

20  Are there any support groups?

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