Authors
Mendola P. Moysich KB. Freudenheim JL. Shields PG. Schisterman EF.
Graham S. Vena JE. Marshall JR. Ambrosone CB.
Institution
C.B. Ambrosone, Division of Molecular Epidemiology, HFT-100, Natl. Ctr. For Toxicological Res., 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079; United States.
Title:
Risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion, cigarette smoking, and genetic polymorphisms in NAT2 and GSTM1. (1998-3189)
Source:
Epidemiology. Vol 9(6) (pp66-668), 1998.
Abstract:
Maternal smoking increases the risk of spontaneous abortion. Polymorphic N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) and glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1) affect metabolism of some mutagens found in tobacco smoke. Genotypes and smoking were studied in women with at least two spontaneous abortions (N = 32) and those with at least two livebirths (N = 179). Smoking slightly increased risk (odds ratio = 1.3; 95% confidence interval = 0.6-2.9), but NAT2 and GSTM1 did not. NAT2 or GSTM1 polymorphisms did not appreciably modify smoking-related risk.
Please click on the required question.
- 1 What is a miscarriage?
- 2 What are the different types of miscarriage?
- 3 How accurate are pregnancy tests?
- 4 What is a blighted ovum?
- 5 I have had a hydatidiform mole. What is this?
- 6 Why did I have a spontaneous miscarriage?
- 7 How frequently do miscarriages occur?
- 8 I am miscarrying. How should this be treated?
- 8a Can miscarriage result in anxiety and depression?
- 9 What is meant by recurrent miscarriage?
- 10 I have a problem with recurrent miscarriage. What is the chance of my next pregnancy being successful?
- Q 12.11 Recurrent Miscarriage I have miscarried again. Why does this keep happening?
- 12 What congenital problems might be associated with recurrent miscarriage and how could they be treated?
- 13 What traumatic conditions can cause recurrent miscarriage and how can they be treated?
- 14 Can infection cause recurrent miscarriage and would treatment help?
- 15 Could a metabolic disorder cause recurrent miscarriage?
- 16 Could a hormonal problem account for recurrent miscarriage and would hormone treatment help me?
- 17 Could an autoimmune problem cause recurrent miscarriage and how could this be treated?
- 18 Could a tumour cause recurrent miscarriage?
- 19 What degenerative processes may be associated with recurrent miscarriage?
- 20 After every miscarriage I become more depressed. Could this account for the problem?
- 21 Is it always possible to explain recurrent miscarriage?
- 22 I have a problem with recurrent miscarriage. What treatment is available to ensure that this does not happen again?
- 23 What is an ectopic pregnancy?
- 24 How frequently do ectopic pregnancies occur?
- 25 Why do ectopic pregnancies occur?
- 26 How can an ectopic pregnancy be diagnosed?
- 27 How can an ectopic pregnancy be treated?
- 28 Where can I obtain more information?
- 29 Support Groups.
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