A diagnosis is ascertained from the combination of the history, clinical examination findings and results of investigations. The diagnosis of some conditions may rely more heavily on one of this triad than the others. Premenstrual syndrome can only be diagnosed from the history although a chart of symptoms may assist  (Q 25.3). Pre-malignant conditions of the cervix are symptom and sign free but are usually diagnosed from the cervical smear test (8 ).


Women's Health



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Women's Health

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This is the personal website of David A Viniker MD FRCOG, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at Whipps Cross University Hospital, London - Specialist Interests - Reproductive Medicine including Infertility, PCOS, PMS, Menopause and HRT.

I do hope that you find the answers to your women's health questions in the patient information and medical advice provided.





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